Recently there has been a push for more student-centered learning in the undergraduate classroom as a way to enhance student learning outcomes. One tool utilized in many Anatomy and Physiology courses is case studies of the material being presented. These allow students to apply their knowledge to a real-world scenario they may encounter in their future careers. Here we show the importance of tailoring that tool specifically to the learning outcome of the course. Using backward design, we developed targeted case studies to help students understand complex topics. Improved student performance on related exam questions provided evidence for this improved understanding.