In 1990, the work of the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) focused on restructuring learning--fundamentally changing the relationship among student, teacher, knowledge, and other students in ways that support the development of higher order learning for all students. This publication is part of CCSSO's effort to support attempts to restructure learning for all students. The chapters were commissioned by the council for its 1990 Summer Institute. Following the introduction, papers include the following: (1) "Working, Thinking, and Assessment" (Lauren B. Resnick); (2) "The Metacurriculum" (David N. Perkins); (3) "Styles of the Mind" (Robert J. Sternberg); (4) "Cultural Ways of Knowing: An Afrocentric Perspective" (Barbara J. Robinson Shade); (5) "Gender, Mathematics, and Science: Trends and Recommendations" (Marcia C. Linn); (6) "Teaching Science To Support Higher-Order Learning" (F. James Rutherford); (7) "Restructuring Mathematics Learning: Two Issues Beneath the Surface" (Kenneth M. Hoffman); (8) "Collaborative Research Classrooms: Grade School Environments That Promote Scientific Literacy" (Ann L. Brown and Joseph C. Campione); (9) "Work, Skills, and the Future of the American Economy" (Marc Tucker); (10) "Literacy as Reasoning Within Multiple Discourses: Implications for Restructuring Learning" (Sarah Michaels, Mary Catherine O'Connor, and Judith Richardson); (12) "Second-Language Acquisition, Bilingual Education, and Prospects for a Language-Rich Nation" (Kenji Hakuta); (13) "Evaluating Writing: The Promise of Portfolios as a Link Between Large-Scale Testing and Classroom Assessment" (Sarah Warshauer Freedman); (14) "Thinking Skills and Students Placed at Greatest Risk in the Educational System" (Asa Hilliard III); and (15) "Policy Statement: Restructuring Learning for All Students" (CCSSO). References follow each chapter. (LMI)