ERIC Number: EJ818430
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2008-Jul
Pages: 8
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0143-0807
EISSN: N/A
Newton on Objects Moving in a Fluid--The Penetration Length
Saslow, Wayne M.; Lu, Hong
European Journal of Physics, v29 n4 p689-696 Jul 2008
We solve for the motion of an object with initial velocity v[subscript 0] and subject only to the combined drag of forces linear and quadratic in the velocity. This problem was treated briefly by Newton, after he developed a theoretical argument for the quadratic term, which we now know is characteristic of turbulent flow. Linear drag introduces a time [tau], and the two drag forces are equal at a critical velocity v[subscript c]; this defines a characteristic distance R = v[subscript c][tau]; details are discussed for spheres and for cylinders moving along their axis. For v[subscript 0]/v[subscript c] [approximately] 1 the role of quadratic drag is largely to reduce the velocity to v[subscript c], below which linear drag dominates. The penetration length is given by L[subscript N] = Rln(1 + v[subscript 0]/v[subscript c]). As noted by Gamow, L[subscript N] is relevant to the range of non-self-propelled projectiles, such as artillery shells, bullets, ground penetration bombs and spears shot from spearguns; it is also relevant to windmills and fans. (Contains 6 footnotes.)
Descriptors: Mechanics (Physics), Motion, Science Instruction, Equations (Mathematics), Scientific Principles, Models, Problem Solving, College Science, Undergraduate Study
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Higher Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
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Authoring Institution: N/A
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