The relationship between changes in the timing and quantity of fertility, such as those that might result from an effective family planning program in developing countries, and changes in child and maternal mortality is examined. Results from five multivariate studies estimate the changes in mortality that might occur from altering maternal age, birth order, and birth spacing distributions of live births. The first two, by Martin et al. (1983) and Trussell and Hammerslough (1983), employ hazard models to estimate the effects of several covariates, including maternal age and parity, on mortality in Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Both studies find significant effects of these two variables on the risk of dying. The third study, Holland (1983) also uses hazard models to assess the effect of breastfeeding on infant mortality in Malaysia. The fourth study by Hobcraft et al, (1983) focuses specifically on the effects of birth spacing. The fifth study, Cleland and Sathar (1983) use a sample of births occurring between one and fifteen years prior to the Pakistan Fertility Survey to explore the relation between birth spacing and infant and child mortality. The conclusions indicate that if childbearing were confined to the "prime" reproductive ages of 20 to 34, then infant and child mortality rates would fall by about five percent. Eliminating fourth and higher births would reduce infant and child mortality by about eight percent and the maternal mortality ratio by about four percent. Further conclusions are offered within the document. (RSL)