The two basic questions considered in this study were: (1) What attitudes do college students hold toward radioactivity? and (2) What are some characteristics associated with the college students who hold the more favorable attitudes toward radioactivity? The sample studied included 1,205 mostly undergraduate students at the University of Texas at Austin from whom data were collected using three instruments developed for the study: the Attitude Toward Radioactivity Scale, the Test on Understanding Radioactivity, and the Student Descriptor Sheet. Seven hypotheses predicted no relationship would exist between a college student's attitude toward radioactivity and (1) understanding of radioactivity; (2) grade level; (3) subject major; (4) grade point average; (5) the number of high school science courses taken; (6) the number of semester hours of college science studied; and (7) political leanings. Using correlation methods, analysis of variance, and multiple range techniques, it was found that only hypothesis 4, expressing no relationship between a student's grade point average and attitude toward radioactivity, was accepted. Rejection of the other six hypotheses at or beyond the .01 level showed those characteristics to be associated with the college students who hold the more favorable attitudes toward radioactivity. (Author/MLH)