The National Education Association (NEA) was significantly influenced by Margaret Haley's early 20th century probe into its power structure. As a reformer committed to the democratic process, Miss Haley became an active member of the NEA in 1900. At this time, the organization was dominated by a group of male educators (college presidents, principals, and government officials) who were commonly referred to as "the ring" or "the old guard." Miss Haley's dedication to democratic justice in the name of the common individual led her to question the legitimacy of this oligarchial governing body which considered lightly the demands of the women teachers who comprised nine-tenths of NEA membership. During 39 years as business representative for the Chicago Teachers Federation, Haley participated in many reform battles over teachers' salaries, taxes, and pensions. With experience gained from these political activities, Haley dared to oppose Commissioner William Torrey Harris and other NEA leaders at NEA conventions in 1901, 1903, and 1905. Among the issues over which Haley disagreed with "the ring" were their (1) autocratic policies resulting in proposals for a federal charter; (2) proposed changes to the voting regulations to exclude new members; and (3) support of tax-dodging business companies, such as railroads and textbook corporations. Under Haley's leadership, dissident members of the NEA petitioned for numerous reforms, all of which were won by 1912. These included greater representation of all NEA members and creation of a department of classroom teachers. (Author/DB)