This review summarizes studies involving pragmatic language comprehension and inference abilities in individuals with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Systematic searches of three electronic databases, selected journals, and reference lists identified 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated in terms of: (a) purpose of study, (b) participant characteristics and (c) procedures. Across the studies, the ages of participants varied between 6 and 57 years. The pragmatic comprehension and inference abilities measured varied from homograph comprehension to ability to understand non-literal statements. Pragmatic inference weaknesses, but not inabilities, were found throughout the studies. However, researchers did not wholly agree on the reasons and the extent of processing difficulties. The most commonly suggested explanations for pragmatic inference deficits were theory of mind and central coherence. (Contains 1 table.)