Objective: To determine relationship between adiposity indices and quality of life (QOL) of residents of a housing estate in Lagos, Nigeria. Design: Cross-sectional survey employing multistep random sampling method. Setting: Urban residential estate. Participants: This study involved 900 randomly selected residents of Abesan Housing Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); triceps skin-fold thickness (TSFT); and abdominal skin-fold thickness (ASFT) were measured using International Standard of Anthropometric Assessment methods. QOL was assessed using Short Form-20. Analysis: Data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Result: The mean age of participants was 37.7 [plus or minus] 14.3 years, with a range of 20 to 80 years. The mean values of adiposity indices were 24.1 [plus or minus] 4.3 kg/m[squared] (BMI), 11.5 [plus or minus] 5.3 mm (TSFT), 18.5 [plus or minus] 6.2 mm (ASFT), 81.8 [plus or minus] 11.2 cm (WC), and 0.89 [plus or minus] 0.1 (WHR). Although the overall mean QOL score was 72.02 [plus or minus] 11.9, women had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower scores (70.1 [plus or minus] 5.2) than men (73.5 [plus or minus] 11.3). There was inverse correlation between QOL and each of the age and adiposity indices. Conclusion and Implications: Quality of life of the urban-dweller Nigerians decreased with increasing body adiposity and age. This finding suggests the need to further educate the Nigerian public on the association between high body fat and poor health. (Contains 3 tables.)