Perhaps the most challenging issue facing many Native nations is employment--or rather, the lack of employment opportunity--on or near the reservation. How to best foster economic development for Native American communities has long been discussed at the local, state, and federal levels. Agencies such as the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) have wrestled with this challenge, and the federal government encourages the hiring of minorities through affirmative action policies. It is imperative for policymakers, researchers, educators, and entrepreneurs to invest time and effort in improving workforce development for minorities, especially Native Americans. But to the dismay of many tribal officials, there has not been significant economic improvement in Indian Country. One possible strategy to improve economic development is the "Nativization" of the workforce, whereby tribes hire, develop, and retain a Native workforce on the reservation to replace nontribal workers.