The gaps in achievement and attainment between races have remained stable in recent decades while the gaps between classes have grown. Researchers consistently conclude that these gaps form mostly before school and during the summer as the result of a vast array of out-of-school influences, but policy has primarily aimed to change what happens…

This study examined the effectiveness of a literacy-infused science (LIS) intervention on science learning of ELs from rural schools in the U.S.-Mexico border area. The intervention consists of teacher-level virtual professional development (VPD) and virtual mentoring and coaching (VMC), as well as a student-level LIS curriculum. Results from…