This article was to elaborate the development of the university counseling profession in Taiwan through an intensive literature review. The university student body has been expanding radically in the last three decades, and the student population, as well as their problems, have become more diverse and complex. Thus, the importance of university counseling profession and the quality of UCC services have been identified in assisting students to cope with stress, to deal with psychosocial problems, and to facilitate development during their university journey. Eight main themes derived from the literature review: (1) historical evolution and current condition of university counseling profession, (2) UCC roles, functions and services content, (3) UCC administration and management, (4) students' utilization of UCCs and attitudes toward UCPs, (5) characteristics, problem types, and needs of students on university campuses, (6) UCC services meeting the needs of students on university campuses, (7) UCC challenges and obstacles, and (8) UCC prospects. UCC services became diverse, multi-channeled, and multi-dimensional to respond to student needs. UCPs should be flexible in professional roles as well as job contents, strategies, and implementation methods. The major challenge for UCC is to develop a native model of services with the perspectives of campus as a community. UCPs are playing the major role to enhance mental health services of university campus members.