In this essay, Tyson Lewis theorizes current lockdown practices, zero-tolerance policies, and No Child Left Behind initiatives in U.S. schooling by drawing on Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben's analysis of the concentration camp and the state of exception. Agamben's theory of the camp provides a challenging, critical vantage point for looking…

U-shaped developmental functions, and their N-shaped cousins, have intrigued developmental psychologists for decades because they provide a compelling demonstration that development does not always entail a monotonic increase across age in a single underlying ability. Instead, the causes of development are much more complex. Indeed,…

Need for closure, as formulated by Kruglanski and colleagues [Kruglanski, A. W. (1990). Lay epistemic theory in social-cognitive psychology. "Psychological Inquiry," 1(3), 181-197; Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: Seizing and freezing. "Psychological Review," 103, 263-283; Webster,…

Two main types of schemata exist for reading: content schema, representing existing knowledge of objects and events; and textual schema, including knowledge of discourse structure and conventions. There are at least six major schema functions important to reading comprehension: (1) schemata provide slots for assimilating additional knowledge; (2)…

The effectiveness of an organizations's adaptive behavior depends on the extent to which public relations concerns are considered in goal setting and program planning. The following five open systems propositions, based on a "functional" paradigm, address the complex relationship between public relations and organizational intelligence and do not…

Compares the theories and major points made by "Schooling in Capitalist America" (Bowles and Gintis, 1978) with "Schooling and Work in the Democratic State" (Carnoy and Levin, 1986). Concludes that Carnoy and Levin have improved on their predecessors' account of educational change and the complex functions that schools play. (JDH)

Asserts that formal education should impart tacit knowledge--a complex set of understandings one must possess to live and function successfully in society--as well as traditional disciplines, theories, and cognitive skills. Discusses modeling attitudes, values, ways of life, and democracy to students, and what should be expected of a particular…

The article is a response to the contributions the special issue of Death Studies on continuing bonds. The contributions indicate that the conversation among scholars has clarified our thinking on how bonds function in individual grief. The author discussed two issues to help keep the conversation moving: (a) the relationship of continuing bonds…

Specifying criteria is a complex problem comprising three phases: valuation, criterion identification, and prescription. Criteria are useful for making, and necessary for substantiating, value claims but to specify in advance a set of criteria upon which to judge is self-limiting. Complete prior specification is undesirable in principle. (MT)

This paper outlines the possibilities for scientific inquiry into the design of the university organization structure. In a theoretical context, bureaucratic management techniques were not refined enough to apply to university structures until the mid-twentieth century. Universities today are bureaucracies in that they have a formal division of…

By adopting the principles of activist education common to women's studies programs--appreciation of the heterogeneous student population and its varied writing needs; simultaneous study of theory combined with active political work; concern for the personal and the political; and a practice of democratic classroom and administrative…

The paper addresses the dichotomy between theory and practice in criminal justice curricula and suggests directions for graduate work in criminal justice. Five hierarchical models for undergraduate and graduate education which would bring together both theory and practice are briefly diagrammed. The focus of each model is a question which is…

This paper offers a review of selected leadership research, with a focus on the evolution of educational leadership research and the theories, methods, and perceptions that have guided this research. The analysis shows how there has been a shift from a person-focused, rational, simplistic view of leadership to a process-focused, more complex…

The human brain is lateralized, different functions being housed in each hemisphere. Several assumptions which are mistakenly considered fact by researchers include: (1) the left hemisphere is for rational functions, while the right is for intuitive functions; (2) the hemispheres do not interact as well with each other as they should; (3) the use…

Education has been in a perpetual state of reform seeking "far reaching changes in weary practices, outmoded assumptions, and long-assumed constraints." This approach must be examined to keep the same old problems from resurfacing and making reform efforts ineffective. Common suggestions for educational reform involve stricter standards,…