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Schulz, Wolfram – Online Submission, 2006
International studies like PISA use context student or school questionnaires to collect data on student family background, attitudes and learning context. Questionnaire constructs are typically measured using dichotomous or Likert-type items. Scaling of questionnaire items in order to obtain measures of family background, student attitudes or…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, International Studies, Student Attitudes, Scaling
Schulz, Wolfram – Online Submission, 2005
One of the consistent findings of educational research studies is the effect of the students' family socio-economic background on their learning achievement. Consequently, international comparative studies emphasis the role of socio-economic background for determining learning outcomes. In particular, PISA results have been used to describe how…
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Family Environment