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Schulz, Wolfram – Online Submission, 2006
International studies like PISA use context student or school questionnaires to collect data on student family background, attitudes and learning context. Questionnaire constructs are typically measured using dichotomous or Likert-type items. Scaling of questionnaire items in order to obtain measures of family background, student attitudes or…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, International Studies, Student Attitudes, Scaling
Schulz, Wolfram – Online Submission, 2005
One of the consistent findings of educational research studies is the effect of the students' family socio-economic background on their learning achievement. Consequently, international comparative studies emphasis the role of socio-economic background for determining learning outcomes. In particular, PISA results have been used to describe how…
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Family Environment
Downes, Stephen – Online Submission, 2005
The headline was dramatic enough to cause a ripple in the reading public. "Students who use computers a lot at school have worse maths and reading performance," noted the BBC news article, citing a 2004 study by Ludger Woessmann and Thomas Fuchs (Fuchs and Woessman, 2004). It was not long before the blogosphere took notice. Taking the…
Descriptors: Small Classes, Student Characteristics, Evaluation Methods, Family Characteristics