Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is a global phenomenon that represents one of the greatest advances for autonomous language learning outside the classroom in the past few decades. The power of IDLE lies in its capacity to compensate for inherent problems in language learning in classrooms, due to the "authenticity" of input…

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of AI-integrated MALL on Korean students' TOEIC preparation, by comparing with AI-integrated CALL. A total of 496 freshmen students participated in this study. They were arbitrarily assigned to AI CALL (n = 190), AI MALL (n = 164), and the control (n = 132) groups. During a 2021 academic…

This study investigated the optimum task sequence for second language (L2) novice learners of English. One set of task sequences was manipulated using a deductive and theoretical SSARC (simplify-stabilize-automatize-restructure-complexify) model, and two sets of task sequences were manipulated based on a teacher's inductive classroom observations.…

This study examines the effect of group work scaffolding on participation. The procedural scaffolding of two cooperative learning techniques, Numbered Heads Together and Think-Pair-Share, are compared based on levels of participation, learning, and satisfaction they elicit. Aspects of participation that are examined include levels of group…

English Medium Instruction (EMI) in university courses is expected to have positive effects on university students' English language learning in non-English-speaking countries since they can learn English on campus (Macaro, 2018). For successful second language learning, efficient use of second language (L2) learning strategies is essential (Cohen…

As digital technology is becoming an increasingly critical component of education, learners' socioeconomic status (SES) and technology use are becoming more important in their learning. In the context of English learning, the present study modeled how learners' SES and their perception of technology use for language learning are linked to their…

To maximize the advantages of virtual learning, the present study highlights the potential for Internet meme design and creation in English language learning (ELL) courses as an innovative activity that raises student agency, increases multimodal literacy, inculcates intercultural communication, and teaches idiomatic expression. Memes resonate a…

This narrative study focuses on how Gina, a Korean learner with a Korean immigrant mother and a European-descent New Zealander father, constructed her identities and engaged with Korean as a heritage language (HL) before, during, and after studying abroad in Korea. Gina's transformative experiences illustrate the links between HL learning and…

The aim of this study is to analyze a videoconferencing class for English as a foreign language (EFL), and to investigate how learners can develop their linguistic competence via videoconferencing. It examines the benefits and drawbacks of using videoconferencing systems in class. Forty-five students (19 graduates and 26 undergraduates) in a…

This study examined how Google Jamboard-based autonomous knowledge-sharing advanced language proficiency and motivation in an online intermediate--high EFL communication course. For one semester, 30 Korean first-year college students shared their learning experiences beyond the classroom, enhancing their English communication competence via a…

Although studies using student response systems (SRSs) within the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom are relatively rare, there is increasing evidence from a range of disciplines to highlight the potential behind application of these systems for student learning. Consequently, this study contributes to filling this gap by demonstrating…

Grounded in game-based learning and problem-based learning, this study compared the effects of an augmented reality (AR) mobile game and a printed game on student engagement and attitudes toward foreign language learning. For this purpose, a narrative-driven, location-based AR mobile game was developed based on the analysis, design, development,…

Despite the increasing volume of studies on classroom language use research, scant attention has been paid to the relationship between learners' attitudes towards classroom language choice and classroom variables that they perceive to motivate their target language learning. This study examines this issue with Korean undergraduate English as a…

The transition to student-centred learning, advances in teleconferencing tools, and active international student exchange programmes have stimulated tandem learning in many parts of the world. This pedagogical model is based on a mutual language exchange between tandem partners, where each student is a native speaker in the language the…

This paper examined whether a younger starting age of formal instruction on a foreign language is beneficial in expanding circle countries. An experimental study was designed to examine to what extent the five varieties of English language teachers are intelligible to Japanese- (JSLs) and Korean-speaking language learners (KSLs), who have…