Much of the reason behind educational reform is the belief that schools are not economically productive enough, that students are not learning enough for the resources invested in education. Other critics reject economic productivity as a framework for educational reform and support philosophical, psychological, or moral frameworks. However,…

The meanings and roles of democracy and education, and the interaction of the two, are some of the most difficult questions society faces. The definition of democracy varies widely from a political mechanism to an ideal. Past efforts to infuse democracy into schools have generally been of two types. One is requiring a greater role for teachers in…

Changes in society such as unemployment, the economy, crime, violence, families, and technology all affect schools. Schools must understand how these changes in society will have an impact on education and respond appropriately. Schools are similar to other organizations, and research commonly assumes that they change strategically in response to…