Many studies using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a theoretical platform have emphasized the importance of knowing students' motivational orientations in education, and stated that autonomy-supportive or controlling learning climates are significant to determine students' motivational resources, academic achievement, and classroom engagement.…

Recently, a number of universities have started to provide campus-based online courses for various reasons. Online education environments constitute unique conditions for teaching and learning. Especially for online instructors, assuming new roles and developing new competencies has become necessary to be successful. The main purpose of this study…