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Download full textPerrault, Paul; Winters, Marcus – Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, 2020
Most studies of test-based promotion policies focus on measuring the effect of retention (being left back) on later student outcomes, and the evidence is fairly mixed. However, test-based promotion policies do not only affect the students who are retained. Presumably, they also affect students and schools as they try to improve reading performance…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, Student Evaluation, Tests, Grade Repetition
