Enrollment in online learning continues to grow in the higher education sector, along with persistent goals dedicated to achieving better student outcomes and lowering attrition rates. Improved student engagement has been shown to possibly reduce attrition rates through a greater sense of connectedness and decreased feelings of isolation among…

The adoption of a blended learning approach is increasing among higher education institutions with a significant amount of research that focuses on linear relationships. However, there is limited research on how the blended learning environment functions and interacts as a complex system. There is a need for more research that explores the…