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Gandara, Patricia; Baca, Gabriel – Language Policy, 2008
We argue here that the combination of U.S. federal education policy as embodied in the "No Child Left Behind Act of 2001" with the passage of a California state initiative that required that "nearly all classroom instruction [be] in English...for a period not normally intended to exceed one year" in 1998 created a "perfect…
Descriptors: Social Justice, Federal Legislation, Academic Achievement, Second Language Learning
Maxwell-Jolly, Julie; Gandara, Patricia; Mendez Benavidez, Lina – University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute, 2007
This report is a synthesis of research, challenges, and best practices in the education of secondary English Learners (ELs). It incorporates a summary of three days of presentations and discussions by key national experts in the spring of 2005, observations and findings from our own research, and key issues from the research literature. The report…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Limited English Speaking, Adolescents, Secondary School Students