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Download full textSohbati, Amir Hossein; Boroumand, Mohsen; Esfahlan, Farzaneh Khakzad – Online Submission, 2021
The present study examined two input modification techniques, namely lexical elaboration (LE) and typographical enhancement (TE), and the combination of these two (LE & TE) to seek the difference among them as far as incidental vocabulary learning through reading is concerned. Ninety six Iranian EFL students whose reading proficiency was at…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Incidental Learning, Linguistic Input, Second Language Learning
Salmani Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali – Online Submission, 2021
It has been argued in the literature on (language) testing that any act of testing/assessment can impact: (1) educators' curriculum design; (2) teachers' teaching practices; and (3) students' learning behaviors. This quality of any given testing situation or act of assessment has been called washback, or backwash if you will. Washback falls into…
Descriptors: Testing Problems, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Ojha, Laxmi Prasad – Online Submission, 2022
As English continues to spread as an international lingua franca, there is a growing diversity in its use around the world. As a result, there are calls for embracing the diversity in the teaching, learning and assessment of the language. At the same time, there is a growing criticism against the widely taken language tests such as the Test of…
Descriptors: Language Variation, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
