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Davis, Larry; Norris, John – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
The elicited imitation task (EIT), in which language learners listen to a series of spoken sentences and repeat each one verbatim, is a commonly used measure of language proficiency in second language acquisition research. The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test includes an EIT as a holistic measure of speaking proficiency, referred to as the…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Language Proficiency, Speech Communication, Language Tests
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Cho, Yeonsuk; Blood, Ian A. – Language Testing, 2020
In this study, we examined how much change in "TOEFL® Primary™" listening and reading scores can be expected in relation to the time interval between test administrations. The test records of 5213 young learners of English (aged 8-13 years) in Japan and Turkey who repeated the tests were analyzed to examine test scores as a function of…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores