With good sequence in reading achievement on the primary grade levels, pupils should be increasingly ready to attain well on the intermediate levels of instruction. Textbooks (basals) in reading need to be selected with great care so that they are on the reading level of involved pupils, not the frustrational nor the too easy to read level. Enough…

This document proposes that preservice teachers assess various learning philosophies to find methods that may be useful in teaching at the higher education level. In the first section of the paper ten broad principles of teaching are cited: developing and maintaining student interest; motivating learners; providing useful learning opportunities;…

Reading instruction and placing students into groups emphasizes a plethora of approaches. Each method of grouping for instructional purposes should stress providing for learners' individual purposes. Which plans are appropriate for grouping students for reading instruction? Team teaching has many advocates, but it has both advantages and…

Since implementation of a psychology of teaching and learning should assist students to achieve optimally in reading, reading teachers need to be well versed in diverse psychologies which may be stressed in the curriculum. This paper first outlines 10 principles of learning emphasized by educational psychologists upon which psychologists tend to…

The advantages and disadvantages of state mandated and locally developed curricula are discussed. State mandates emphasize a measurement philosophy of education in which testing is the name of the game to determine how well students are achieving. One of the advantages of a state mandated curriculum is that the curriculum is aligned with the…

As students progress through the different grade levels, reading across the curriculum needs to be emphasized because it provides opportunities for students to practice reading in each academic discipline. Becoming a good reader is a curriculum "must." On the kindergarten level, experience charts may be used as an early means of teaching…

Part 1 of this paper discusses contributions made by diverse schools of thought in the philosophy of education to the development of a relevant social studies curriculum. The relevance of major philosophical approaches to teaching and learning is considered in light of the approaches' influences on instructors' teaching styles and students'…

Reading, as one learning activity in science lessons and units of study, needs to be assessed to notice needs of pupils. The science teacher needs to be thoroughly grounded in science content and methodology and yet also needs to be an instructor of reading. For pupils to do well in reading science subject matter, there needs to be continuous…

Much is being emphasized in staff development in the area of reading instruction. It is important for each teacher to study and think reflectively about what can be done to improve the reading curriculum. One procedure that can be used is to hold a quality workshop based on the needs of teachers in reading instruction. The theme should be decided…

Considering a behaviorist's viewpoint focusing on specifics regarding learning and knowledge, this document discusses the psychology of learning and how it provides the reading/language arts teacher with a basis for making sound decisions in lesson and unit construction. It provides two examples of objectives for pupil achievement pertaining to…

Primary grade pupils can become fascinated with simple machines. This paper suggests that teachers have simple machines in the classroom for a unit of study. It proposes some guidelines to create a unit of study for six simple machines that include the fulcrum, inclined plane, pulley, wheel and axle, wedge, and screw. Friction, gravity, force, and…

There are major themes in geography, which all teachers should incorporate into the social studies. These themes assist students to organize information and relate relevant ideas. Teachers need to study and experiment with using a set of structural ideas to facilitate student learning. Otherwise, learning may comprise of isolated facts, concepts,…

These eleven essays range across a variety of topics. They concern: (1) philosophy and the curriculum, with comments on accountability, humanism, programmed learning, hierarchies, structure, idealism, existentialism, realism, experimentalism, and essentialism; (2) philosophy in the mathematics curriculum, with comments on mathematics laboratories,…

Professional educators must be aware of issues involved pertaining to the development of relevant objectives, learning experiences, and evaluation procedures to be used in teaching-learning situations, and these issues should be clarified in terms of the thinking of selected educators of the past as well as leading professionals in the field of…

Distance education has numerous inherent philosophies to utilize in teaching-learning situation. The problem solving aspect of distance learning encourages active involvement by students in teaching-learning situations; student selection of content; teachers as guides and motivators of student learning; ordering of learning experiences in terms of…