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Hong, Guanglei; Gagne, Joshua; West, Andrew – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2014
This study focuses on assessing the contribution of ELL services to Spanish-speaking students' mathematics learning in elementary schools. ELL students tend to have lower average math achievement at school entry and throughout elementary school. The term "ELL services" encompasses English-as-a-second-language (ESL) programs, bilingual…
Descriptors: Program Length, English Language Learners, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Robinson, Joseph P.; Lubienski, Sarah T.; Copur, Yasemin – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2011
Scholars have identified mathematics gender gaps favoring males as early as kindergarten or first grade, particularly at the top of the achievement distribution (Penner & Paret, 2008; Rathbun, West & Germino-Hausken, 2004; Robinson & Lubienski, 2011). These relatively small achievement disparities precede larger differences in…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Females, Mathematics Achievement, Conditioning