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Carolan, Brian V.; Weiss, Christopher C.; Matthews, Jamaal S. – Youth & Society, 2015
There are few areas of school organization that reflect more dissatisfaction than how to structure the education of adolescents in the middle grades. This study uses multilevel models on nationally representative data provided by the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to investigate the relationship between schools' middle-level grade span and…
Descriptors: Models, Correlation, Middle School Students, Mathematics Achievement
Downey, Douglas B.; Kuhfeld, Megan; van Hek, Margriet – Sociology of Education, 2022
Growing evidence suggests that contrary to popular belief, schools mostly do not generate achievement gaps in cognitive skills but, rather, reflect the inequalities that already exist. In the case of socioeconomic status, exposure to school often reduces gaps. Surprisingly little is known, however, about whether this pattern extends to gender gaps…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Gender Differences, Cognitive Ability, Mathematics Achievement
Tyner, Adam; Kabourek, Sarah – Social Education, 2021
Improving the reading ability of young students could hardly be a more urgent priority for our elementary schools. Two thirds of American fourth and eighth graders are not able to read proficiently--and the outcomes are far worse for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The National Assessment of Educational Progress in 2019 showed that only…
Descriptors: Social Studies, Elementary School Students, Literacy, Reading Skills
Quinn, David M.; Cooc, North – Educational Researcher, 2015
Research on science achievement disparities by gender and race/ethnicity often neglects the beginning of the pipeline in the early grades. We address this limitation using nationally representative data following students from Grades 3 to 8. We find that the Black-White science test score gap (-1.07 SD in Grade 3) remains stable over these years,…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Science Achievement, Gender Differences, Racial Differences
Morgan, Paul L.; Farkas, George; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Mattison, Richard; Maczuga, Steve; Li, Hui; Cook, Michael – Educational Researcher, 2015
We investigated whether minority children attending U.S. elementary and middle schools are disproportionately represented in special education. We did so using hazard modeling of multiyear longitudinal data and extensive covariate adjustment for potential child-, family-, and state-level confounds. Minority children were consistently less likely…
Descriptors: Minority Group Students, Disproportionate Representation, Special Education, Elementary School Students
Number Sense Mediated by Mathematics Self-Concept in Impacting Middle School Mathematics Achievement
Geronime, Lara K. – ProQuest LLC, 2012
The purpose of the current study was to extend the research on number sense to the middle school level and to simultaneously consider socioemotional elements related to the construct at this developmental stage. Its genesis was initially rooted in an ongoing and dramatic emphasis by U.S. policymakers, researchers, and educators on improving…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Middle School Students, Numeracy, Social Influences