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Holt, Carleton R.; Range, Bret; Pijanowski, John – International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 2009
Literature on retention focuses on both short term and long term outcomes for retained students. Short term outcomes typically include academic achievement, self-esteem issues, and occurrence of behavior problems. Long term outcomes include academic growth and persistence to graduation. Regardless of the focus and intent of the study, research on…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Longitudinal Studies, Self Esteem, Academic Persistence