Of 46 countries that participated in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study in 2003 (I. V. S. Mullis, M. O. Martin, E. J. Gonzalez, & S. J. Chrostowski, 2004), Malaysia was ranked 10th in international scores of mathematics achievement for 8th-grade students. The present author aimed to examine the importance of students' home backgrounds, resources for learning, activities, and attitudes toward learning mathematics in accounting for high student achievement in mathematics. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the author found that having self-confidence in learning mathematics, having a large number of books at home, regularly using computers, and being non-Malay have a high positive association with mathematics achievement among Malaysian students. (Contains 2 tables.)