The process of unpacking educational standards is one method elementary teachers can use to analyze the science standards they are required to teach in the classroom. However, it is not the only method for teachers to familiarize themselves with the science standards. The goal of this study was to determine if receiving formal training in…

Teacher self-efficacy is the belief in the ability to impact students' success. There is limited research about teachers' self-efficacy levels in the virtual K-12 environment. Self-efficacy may play a key role in job satisfaction, teacher retention, and higher student achievement. Research literature focused on teaching preparation programs and…

Despite various initiatives to enhance diversity in STEM disciplines, women and minorities remain underrepresented (Gonzalez et al., 2021, Chapter 5). Higher education institutions can help enhance gender and racial equity in STEM disciplines in the U.S. (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, & Medicine, 2011). This study's purpose was…

A major goal of science education is to produce students who are scientifically literate, meaning that students can not only understand scientific texts, but also use scientific information to make informed decisions related to scientific issues. Unfortunately, students in the United States have below proficient science ability, meaning the…