This report analyzes what the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) identifies as four pressing challenges for the Federal Research System in resource allocation and funding for research in the 1990s: (1) setting priorities in funding; (2) understanding trends in research expenditures; (3) preparing human resources for the future research work…

Presented are highlights from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, focusing on: trends in doctorate production by field, sex, and citizenship; employment of science and engineering (S/E) doctorates; and science and mathematics education doctorates. Approximately 95 percent of the 1982 recipients of the Ph.D. and similar doctorates responded to a…

Discusses research which suggested that building specific developmental assets among adolescents related to lowered risk-behavior patterns and increased patterns of thriving behavior among an aggregate sample of nearly 100,000 secondary school students in 213 U.S. communities. The paper discusses issues related to the scientific foundations,…

The drug-testing plans covering 11 of the 12 civilian federal cabinet-level agencies met the requirements of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines, and the guidelines themselves were found to contain the elements required by Public Law 100-71. However, the drug-testing plans differ, so employees may find different circumstances…

The Saginaw Successful Schools Project (S3P) was described and evaluated using data collected from 1980 to 1985. S3P is a school improvement project based on instructional and school effectiveness research findings; but the starting point for change is determined by staff in each of the 31 school buildings. The School Improvement Survey (SIS) was…

This report presents data on Federal funds obligated to higher institutions in the U.S. It indicates that level of Federal support to colleges and universities for both R&D activities and nonscience support are likely to increase during the late seventies. Budget estimates show that Federal R&D obligations increased by about 16% between 1976 and…

For over four decades, American policymakers have focused their attention on readying young children for school. Despite noble policy efforts, durable investments and a persistent belief in the ability of early childhood education to offset social inequities, significant challenges exist for America's urban young children as they enter school.…

A profile of university teachers in Canada is presented focusing on: previous employment status, citizenship status, and rank distribution. The profile, which is based on information collected on full-time university teachers from the over 100 university-level institutions in Canada, covers the period 1972-1973 through 1974-1975. Almost 60 percent…

This report discusses the nature of homelessness and the homeless in America, recent programs that have been implemented to help the homeless, and issues concerning the Federal government's role in helping these people. The following topics concerning the characteristics of the homeless and the causes of homelessness are covered: (1) "Mental…

Extensive evidence indicates that the Native family and society are "at risk," having been undermined by the existing non-Native child welfare, education, and justice systems. This paper examines issues in juvenile justice, child welfare, and family services with regard to control by Canada Native communities of their own social…

This document presents an audit of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. The following aspects were examined: (1) compliance with the requirements of Public Law 100-202, which imposes hiring regulations; (2) regional offices; (3) civil rights monitoring; (4) consultants; (5) temporary employees; (6) mission-related external services…

The U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect was established under provisions of the 1988 Amendments to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (P.L. 100-294). The mission of the Board is to evaluate the nation's efforts to accomplish the purposes of the Act and to make recommendations on ways in which those efforts can be improved.…

This packet contains documents that provide general information about homelessness and the need for both Federal and local action to help the homeless people in America. Sections 1 and 2 contain the following articles released by the Homelessness Information Exchange: (1) "The Problem of Homelessness Nationwide"; and "Alternative Family Housing…