This report examines a little noticed group of Californians: young immigrants not in school and who receive few if any educational services. The authors also observe the federal Migrant Education Program (MEP), charged with helping this group. Using MEP and census data, the authors find that many out-of-school youth work, left school while quite young, and have very poor spoken English skills. Some are as young as 13, yet work and live without their parents. Many say they want to continue their education. If policymakers are to help this group, the authors say, strategies in addition to traditional education models may be necessary. Following the Introduction, Chapter 2 uses data from the 2000 census to show the large disparities between in-school and out-of-school immigrant groups. The remaining chapters turn to MEP data. These chapters present a more comprehensive profile of these youth, their needs, and their goals. Chapter 3 describes MEP in California and provides basic demographic data for out-of-school youth served by two of California's regional programs. Chapter 4 describes the socioeconomic needs of out-of-school immigrant youth recruited by MEP and Chapter 5 explores their academic backgrounds, English language abilities, and goals. Finally, Chapter 6, describes the main findings and discusses policy implications, including some suggestions of areas for improvement in MEP and plans for future research. (Contains 25 figures and 26 tables.)