A synthesis of research findings in exercise and physical fitness is presented to provide the general public with insights into establishing an individualized exercise program. The material is divided into seven subtopics: (1) a general overview of the need for exercise and fitness and how it is an integral part of preventive medicine programs; (2) a translation of research findings on exercise, health maintenance, and performance into easily understandable terms; (3) various aspects of medical screening and fitness evaluation procedures; (4) exercise prescription and individualized approaches; (5) rehabilitation of the cardiac patient; (6) nutritional aspects of human performance; and (7) special considerations for exercise programs (shoes and clothing; the importance of warming up and cooling down; special considerations for heat, cold, altitude, and air pollution; age and sex considerations; etc.). (Author/MJB)