Despite the potential impact nutrition may have on learning, there have been surprisingly few papers published directed towards the educational research community. In contrast, omega-3 supplementation studies are being frequently cited in the media, leading to parents asking for advice and guidance. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence to date for any effect of using omega-3 supplementation in school-aged children. This article focuses on the research that has been undertaken, particularly in relation to behaviour, education and cognitive development, in both typically developing populations as well as in children with specific learning difficulties and developmental disorders. Recommendations for future studies in this area have been highlighted in view of current knowledge. In conclusion, it was found that there is a shortage of properly controlled omega-3 supplementation trials, particularly with typically developing children, to advocate the supplementation of all children with omega-3 fatty acids, but due to the known importance of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain and early development, further research is required. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)