New to the "Elementary and Secondary Education Act" of 1965, as amended by the "Every Student Succeeds Act" (ESSA) of 2015, is specific language supporting state and local educational agencies in implementing schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SW-PBIS). According to U.S. Department of Education…

As numerous studies from 1906 on have confirmed, children lose ground in learning if they lack opportunities for building skills over the summer. Nonetheless, summer learning loss comes up but rarely in the national discussion of education reform. By the end of summer, students perform on average one month behind where they left off in the spring.…

The educational achievement and attainment of young people in the United States has been a long-standing issue of concern. While analyses of long-term trend data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) show that students in the United States have made gains in reading and mathematics over the past few decades, a sizeable…

Representing an estimated 4.4 million students in the United States, English language learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing segment of the public school population and yet are twice as likely to drop out of high school and significantly less likely to attend and complete postsecondary education. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) includes…

NAVAJO CULTURE AND LANGUAGE ARE QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF OTHER AMERICANS, AND HELP TO ACCOUNT FOR GENERALLY LOW SUCCESS OF NAVAJO CHILDREN IN THE CLASSROOM. BY NOVEMBER 1966, WHEN TITLE I OF THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT HAD BECOME AVAILABLE TO FEDERAL SCHOOLS, THE NAVAJO TRIBAL COUNCIL'S EDUCATION COMMITTEE HAD DECIDED THAT WHAT…

The Milwaukee Bilingual Program was initiated in September, 1969 and funded under ESEA Titles VII and I and under Milwaukee Public Schools' Local Funds to develop a curriculum taught in both Spanish and English in order to prevent the hindering of learning and lowering of self-esteem often experienced by newly arrived or recently arrived pupils of…

Arkansas' evaluation of 1967 programs funded by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title I, is based on data from 398 public school districts with about 170,000 disadvantaged students. This evaluation presents information on major achievements and includes descriptions of activities and methods, pressing educational needs, objectives,…