Lack of accountability and transparency in governance was among the challenges that influenced Jamaica's corruption rating of 3.3, resulting in an 87th ranking out of 183 countries in 2011. Although the monitoring of internal control business structures supported accountability, evidence of their presence was limited in government offices. The intent of this study was an exploratory-single case study was to determine the effectiveness of the internal control business structures of Jamaica's Students' Loan Bureau (SLB), located in Kingston, Jamaica. The principles of strategic contingency theory provided justification for the study of accountability and the need for adequate internal controls. Semistructured interviews with 12 employees of the SLB along with 5 public documents on the Bureau were analyzed for emergent themes, which included a lack of documented processes, communication problems, and defined lines of authority. The study findings confirmed the ineffectiveness of the Bureau's internal controls and its negative influence on the administration of loans. These findings may influence the development of systems of internal control business structures within government agencies, which could positively impact the country's future corruption ratings. Implications for social change may be evident in the stimulation of the country's economy, benefiting the citizens by way of new investments. The benefits of new investments could increase employment, resulting in the potential reduction of poverty levels and improved standards of living in Jamaica. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]