Patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) spend less time on vigorous activities due to lower aerobic capacity with functional limitations that can be attributed to a detraining effect, resulting in a poor quality of life (QoL). The overall aims of rehabilitation are to restore, to maintain, and to enhance the QoL and this detraining effect could possibly be reversed by a rehabilitation program. This randomized controlled prospective longitudinal descriptive study evaluated the impact of a rehabilitation program of moderate-intensity cycling and treadmill walking exercises with a home program on the QoL for individuals on HAART. Fifty-two participants with baseline QoL values formed the experimental and control groups with a 3-month pretest and posttest using the short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. No adverse effects from exercises were experienced, and 20 (77%) of the experimental and 16 (62%) of the controls completed the program. A significantly higher number of women dropped out (P less than 0.04), with four (15%) from the experimental group and six (23%) from the control group. There were significant improvements in all QoL domains (P less than 0.05) for the experimental group compared with the control group, with the physical component summary (P less than 0.018) and mental component summary (P less than 0.021) scores being significantly higher after rehabilitation. Sick leave decreased from a mean of 7 days to 3 for the experimental group and 5 for the control group. These results indicate that a rehabilitation program of moderate-intensity exercises with a home program significantly improved the QoL for individuals on HAART. Further research with a comprehensive rehabilitation program and a larger sample is recommended.