According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), there were 3,982 degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the United States in the 2019-2020 school year. Of these, 1,625 were public institutions and another 1,660 were private, nonprofit institutions (four-year and two-year schools). The private, nonprofit sector plays an important role and contributes much to meeting the nation's educational needs. Within this sector are small, private, nonprofit, tuition-dependent institutions that are highly vulnerable to the current downward trends in the higher education market. They are financially vulnerable because of their high dependence on tuition dollars. When enrollment declines, without large endowments such small institutions face significant financial pressure. They must respond if they are to thrive or even survive. Colleges and universities, like other businesses, respond to competition by pursuing two types of change -- strategic and operational. In this study, three institutions with overlapping Catholic missions were selected that all compete against each other in a college-dense metropolitan area in the Northeast. Administrators from these institutions, including the president, the provost, members of the enrollment management team, and other senior administrators who were responsible for institutional well-being, were interviewed to understand the changes they made to respond to the enrollment challenges faced at their institution between 2017-2021. Using a qualitative, multi-case study thematic approach, the results were evaluated through the lens of Porter's framework of strategy and using Mintzberg's extension to determine if these changes were deliberate or emergent. Both strategic and operational changes were used at all three institutions, with varying degrees of success, to meet their enrollment challenges. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]