This paper comments on three presentations (Janet Fisher, Malcolm Getz, and Bill Regier) at the Scholarly Communication and Technology Conference; it focuses on publisher costs, and also discusses the electronic publishing efforts undertaken at the University of Chicago Press. Janet Fisher, from MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Press, gave costs related to both the electronic journals that they are publishing and to two of MIT's print journals. First-copy costs (the cost for editing, typesetting, and producing materials that can subsequently be duplicated and distributed to several hundred or several thousand subscribers) for electronic journals at MIT Press range from approximately $15 to $56 per page; the total first-copy costs for the print journals are $22 and $24 per page. At this point, for the MIT Press, it is cheaper to produce journals in paper than to do them electronically, if the circulation is small. Malcolm Getz presented a breakdown of costs from the American Economic Association (AEA). A comparison of cost percentages for the University of Chicago Press and for the AEA reveals that overall, editorial, typesetting, and distribution costs are quite similar. Bill Regier reported that for Project Muse, the electronic publishing venture of Johns Hopkins University Press, the total costs for both print and electronic editions were about 130% of the print-only costs. The electronic publishing model under discussion is structured so that electronic costs are add-on costs to the traditional printing functions. A second model is described in which data are converted to SGML (Standardized Generalized Markup Language) form in the earliest stages of editing; then the SGML database is used to derive both the typeset output for hardcopy printing and the electronic materials for electronic dissemination. Six tables illustrate cost percentages and publishing models. (AEF)