Public education has been and continues to be subject to a variety of conflicts, among them busing for racial balance and the search for an equitable process of financing education. This paper reviews some of the literature and documentation of educational conflicts. Two broad but not mutually exclusive categories of conflict are defined: (1)…

During most of its history (1897-1917), Whirlwind School in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) was a focus of conflict between Indian agents and Episcopal missionaries/teachers. Official government reasons for closing the school (allowing the Cheyenne to live nearby and teaching in Cheyenne) masked more basic reasons (the missionaries failed to promote…

The cumulaltive impact of court decisions, on the church-related elementary and secondary schools, especially those under Catholic auspices, and on the relationship between religion and education in modern American life is considered. (JN)

The relationship between elementary and secondary education and the public library throughout the nation's history are reviewed through educational historians' writings. It is noted that libraries, like schools, were not above political, class, religious, and cultural conflicts. (Author/MBR)

Discusses the writings of Amino Kiku, a modern Japanese female author. Questions why Amino is ignored in most compilations of Japanese writers. Concludes that she is ignored because Japanese women's literature is defined by men, all Japanese literary critics are male, and Amino's female characters are not defined by their relationships with men.…

Examines history of Christian missionaries among the Choctaws in Mississippi area during 18th and 19th centuries. Describes agreements and conflicts between Indians, missionaries and federal government, especially regarding Indian education. Relationships apparently based on missionaries' desire to convert Indians and Choctaws' desire to learn…

Relationships between old and young have been problematic throughout much of the history of Western civilization. Although intergenerational conflict has accelerated in the twentieth century, pre-industrial and industrial periods in Western societies saw numerous family, economic, and property tensions between generations. Contemporary conditions…

The politics of federal support for education is discussed, with attention to education policy formation and current themes and future directions for education policy that may flow from legislative history. The analysis is based on personal experiences as a U.S. Representative for over two decades and as president of America's largest private…

Traces Indian-Black relationship in post-Civil War Indian Territory when racial antagonism, intensified by abolition of slavery among Seminoles, Creeks, Cherokees, Chickasaws, and Choctaws, and new pressures brought on by influx of land-hungry non-Indian settlers, combined to create hostility and violence between two peoples who had previously…

Explores one aspect of the relationship between intonation and punctuation. Outlines the historical development of punctuation, and compares twentieth-century punctuation rules with what is known about the division of connected speech into intonation-groups. Suggests that, where syntactic prescription and intonational usage conflict, a return to…

Recent interactions between the state government (and to a lesser extent the federal government) and public higher education in Wisconsin are examined, and some of the major issues and actions from 1965 to the present are reviewed in order to identify imbalances that could jeopardize a"health tension" between the two sectors. Some of the…

This paper was commissioned by the Education Commission of the States to identify the educational needs of Puerto Rican students in the mainland United States. A historical overview of Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans, and their relationships with mainland United States is presented with a focus on the Puerto Rican emigration to the mainland. The role…

M. Cecil Mackey, the president of Michigan State University hired by the school's trustees to be a tough, hard-nosed administrator, has been the center of controversy and criticism. Feuds with the alumni association, fiscal problems, working in Washington, the Tisch amendment, and mid-year raises for faculty are discussed. (MLW)

This paper presents an overview of the work of sisterhoods in the parochial schools in Massachusetts from 1870 to 1940. The needs of the sisters as members of religious communities and their needs as professional educators are pointed out, and a distinction is made between the operation of parochial schools owned by a religious community and those…

Pincus argues that vocational education has been developed in response to the rising educational aspirations of the working class. He claims that vocational training provides a poor payoff under the present economic system, and that the promotion of vocational programs raises unrealistic expectations in students. (Author/SK)