This paper examines research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, and the Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) as it relates to the mental health needs of the Indochinese refugees. It is argued that TESOL instructors are in a key position to influence the adaptation process of refugees in their classes. Cultural values of the Indochinese are explored, and methods that TESOL instructors might use to facilitate acculturation and improve mental health are outlined. Teachers are urged to remain aware and responsive to changes in their students' behavior. (APM)