This report examines what states have done with their new responsibilities under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). Although Congress has gone a long way toward undoing the initial immigrant restrictions of the PRWORA, it has left the devolution of authority from the federal government to the states to determine immigrants' eligibility for public benefits. Many states have chosen to provide considerable assistance to immigrants, especially when costs are shared with the federal government. Nearly every state has chosen to maintain Temporary Assistance for Needy Families as well as Medicaid, for immigrants who were already in the United States when the law was passed. Many have provided other programs. Closer inspection, though, shows that many of the new substitute programs are limited in the extent to which they actually reach immigrants. Many states target only discrete groups, such as children or the elderly, and others impose many conditions on eligibility. One of the legacies of the PRWORA is the new distinction between qualified and unqualified immigrants. Overall, the safety net for immigrants remains weaker than before welfare reform, and non-citizens generally have less access to assistance than citizens. State programs do not fully substitute for federal assistance, and states still face many immigrant issues that have not been addressed. (Contains 22 tables, 131 end notes, and 32 references.) (SLD)