This report focuses on psychological practice with children and adolescents, concurring with a previous task force report that integrating science and practice must be a priority. In addition, the report advocates that developmental considerations and cultural/contextual factors warrant specific, distinctive attention by researchers and practitioners who focus on youths and their families. Evidence-based practice (EBP) denotes the quality, robustness, and/or scientific evidence on prevention, assessment, treatment, access, engagement, and retention of targeted patient populations; and assumes the presence of a coherent body of scientific knowledge relevant to a range of services to optimize the effectiveness of interventions, treatments, or services on a particular student, client, or system. Although growing evidence exists for effective practice for children with mental health problems, the integration of science and practice and the development of systems for assuring that children receive effective treatment and services present challenges. Effectively implemented EBP requires a contextual base, collaborative foundation, and innovative partnership among families, practitioners, and researchers. Children and adolescents should receive the best available evidence-based mental health care based on scientific knowledge and integrated with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. Evidence-based care should be provided as consistently as possible with children and their families across clinicians and settings. Care systems should demonstrate responsiveness to youth and their families through prevention, early intervention, treatment, and continuity of care. Equal access to effective care should cut across age, gender, sexual orientation, and disability, inclusive of all racial, ethnic, and cultural groups. Definitions are appended. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.)