Today's children represent tomorrow's backbone of the Russian population, the foundation of Russia's success or failure in the twenty-first century. Nevertheless, owing to a number of factors, the state, society, and even, all too often, parents themselves, do not pay enough attention to children. A number of problems have arisen that are leading to a decline in the quality of the population. This is reflected in children's rising rates of disease and mortality, especially in infancy, along with a decline in characteristics of quality on the individual level (physical and mental health), a lowered education level, increased numbers of children who are not attending a general education school, and so on. In order to determine the mechanisms by which the quality of future generations is formed, it is essential to have knowledge of the individual data concerning every adolescent. One way to make up for the deficiency of statistical data is to use real-time monitoring, which offers what are essentially new ways to collect, accumulate, process, and analyze social and economic information. In this study, the authors analyze the qualitative characteristics of children up to the age of ten. They used monitoring for the purpose of studying the actual situation and problems of children and ways to solve them. The purpose of the study is to determine the qualitative characteristics of the individual as a way to describe the personal characteristics and the ways in which they change, in the context of three basic aspects: (1) health; (2) development of intellectual potential; and (3) cultural and moral socialization. (Contains 1 figure and 8 tables.)