This study examined the correlation between student achievement, the financial health of a diverse sample of public Illinois elementary school districts, and their local wealth. Research suggested that the wealth of the district within itself does not affect student performance. Specific possible associated factors included instructional methods, effectiveness and experience of teachers, parental involvement, and external social factors. This study, through quantitative data analysis, reviewed data collected related to district finances, local wealth, and student achievement in math and reading as measured by ISAT between 2005 and 2012. To measure the financial solvency of the school district, the study examined the school district Illinois Financial Profile Scores, their annual school budget, and the district's annual audited financial reports. Review of the local wealth consisted of examining local property values, reported unemployment rates, as well as student enrollment and mobility rates. Data collected were utilized to measure the correlation of student achievement by grade level to the district's financial health and changes to local wealth. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]