This document provides background information on and recommendations for the development of a comprehensive strategy for improving job-related learning in the United States. An introduction discusses the relationship among human resource development, the earnings of individuals, and the productivity of institutions. A summary of the major recommendations for employers, educators, and the government follow. The body of the document is organized into two principal sections. The first consists of three parts that discuss the preparation of workers by institutions outside the workplace. Part I addresses preparation for work through schooling and entry-level job training outside the workplace and provides examples of the foreign experience with the transition from school to work. Part II describes the second chance system, represented by the Job Training Partnership Act. Part III discusses intermediaries--programs and institutions that attempt to expedite the transition for young people and other entry-level workers. The second section of the document discusses learning that is either provided or paid for by employers and employees once people are on the job. Public policies are considered, and foreign experience with upgrading is reviewed. The document concludes with 117 reference notes. (YLB)