This book provides the results of a study of recipients and renonces (those who declined the fellowship) of European Community (EC) science and engineering fellowships between 1968 and 1988 and a study of fellows who participated in the International Scientific Cooperation (ISC) Programmme, also sponsored by the EC. The first study is based on replies of 1,287 recipients and 407 renonces to written questionnaires. These data were used as a base for the study of the ISC program. The findings for both are presented in four sections. The first part examines aims and major findings of the surveys. The second part, "The EC Training Fellowship Scheme," discusses objectives and methods, a profile of the program and the fellows, analysis of the choice to accept the fellowship, bursary and administrative issues, life in the host country, and impacts of the training on subsequent careers. The next section, "International Scientific Cooperation Scheme," examines aims and methods of the study on the ISC program, profiles of the fellows, the choice process, the fellowship period in Europe, and the impact of the fellowship. Appendixes contain survey tools for fellows, renonces, and hosts of fellows along with a synopsis of questions and sections of the text. Many tables and figures enhance the text. (JB)