Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), this dissertation examined the relationship between pre-K quality and children's academic achievement at 54 months and in first, third, and fifth grades, controlling for child and family covariates and the effects of structural quality, and how that association varies by children's subsequent learning environment at elementary classroom and home settings. Two-level random effects models revealed a positive association between pre-K quality and mathematics skills at 54 months, which weakened over time and became non-significant starting from third grade. Results also showed that the quality of the elementary home environment moderated the association between pre-K quality and children's vocabulary achievement. Supportive home environments during elementary school had an additive effect over and above the positive effects of pre-K quality in predicting children's vocabulary achievement. In contrast, when children experienced high levels of pre-K quality and lower quality home learning environments, the positive effects of pre-K were less likely to be sustained. Findings suggest the importance of considering programs and policies to support home-based learning as one potential mechanism to sustain early effects of pre-K. This dissertation provides a new angle for understanding the characteristics of pre-K quality that provide positive academic outcomes, and the circumstances under which these gains are sustained. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]