Nanotechnology is now making it possible to create radically new tiny machines and sensors on par with the size of dust motes. This technology is rapidly progressing and will make profound impacts on the nation's global competitiveness. It promises to be a most pervasive technological advance, comparable to what computers did for an individual's productivity and ability to handle and process information. In this article, the author presents a classroom challenge that allows students to investigate this exciting technology, learn about both sides of the nanotechnology argument, and have a classroom debate about its pros and cons.