The Nature Conservancy's (TNC) Orchard Bog site in Shady Valley, Tennessee, is a unique Appalachian mountain bog that provides many opportunities for student exploration. A biogeographer, a field technician, two biologists, and a historian combined their expertise to teach 100 fourth graders how historians and scientists learn about past landscapes and how plants and animals provide people with information about the present environment. Additional goals were to expose the children to scientific and social research methods, provide an integrative experience in terms of subject matter, and get students thinking about all the wonderful careers there are out there. This article presents an assessment of what the students learned. (Contains 4 figures and 1 table.)