"Brown v. Board of Education" only presumed to eliminate the "de jure" apartheid that existed in 1954. It was never intended to resolve the "de facto" gap in minority achievement that still faces education policymakers today. Sociologist David J. Armor goes beyond "Brown" to identify a set of definite risk factors--the devaluation of the family, the intellectual wasteland of popular culture, and so on--that we must deal with before we can hope for ethnic parity in the academic performance of American students. (Contains 2 figures and 7 notes.)