Monroe was a well-known American world-wide educator in the first half of the 20th century. He came to China more than ten times to investigate Chinese education, deliver academic lectures, and conduct cultural exchanges from the 1920s to the 1940s. He made a great contribution to Sino-American cultural and educational exchanges in Modern China. However, for quite a long time, academic circles at home and abroad have paid little attention to this because of Dewey's dazzling work in the field of education. Based on a systematical investigation of all Monroe's previous visits to China, from the perspective of educational exchange between China and other countries, this article gives a relatively deep exploration into Monroe's work to expose the subtleness and depth of its historical truth. It examines the relationship between Monroe and overseas Chinese students, Monroe and Educational System in 1922, Monroe and the reform in Chinese primary and middle schools during the 1920s to the 1940s, Monroe and the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture as well as the China Institute in America. It draws the conclusion that Monroe has exerted a profound influence on the educational development of China in modern times, and made a unique contribution to talent cultivation, educational reform, social transformation, and cultural and educational exchange.